GRCs - The Filler Effect

No democratic country in the world has an electoral system where Members of Parliament may be elected in teams except in Singapore where we have the Group Representative Constituencies (GRCs) system.

Before the implementation of the GRC system, there was only the Single Member Constituencies (SMC) system where individual candidates compete with each other and stand or fall on their own merits. The candidate with the highest votes gets elected. 

With the GRC system, a few candidates band together to contest as a team against other teams. The team with the highest votes gets elected. This GRC system allows candidates who would not otherwise have made it on their own account to be elected into parliament by riding on the coat-tails of other members in their team who are more credible. Such a system has the potential to dilute the quality of the representatives elected into parliament. And it is beginning to show.

In the current general elections, there are a total of 13 SMCs and 16 GRCs. Depending on which GRC they are contesting in, the teams will need to have between 3 and 6 candidates. Looking at all the teams, one begins to form the view that in almost every team, there are at least one or more candidates whose suitability and ability are clearly questionable. How can this happen? Don't all parties screen their candidates and select only those of calibre to stand for election?

The fact is that good candidates are hard to come by in Singapore politics and with the requirement of a minimum number of candidates in a GRC team, there is a filler effect for teams to make up the numbers. Unsuitable candidates are slotted into the teams to satisfy the minimum number and in this way, they affect the overall quality of the team. The situation is made worse by the requirement of a minority candidate in a GRC team. And good minority candidates are even harder to find.

The filler effect of the GRC system paves the way for opportunists and other undesirable characters to make their way into our legislative body where important matters such as our legislations and national policies are decided. When voters are swayed by the strongest and most credible candidate in a GRC team, they may not pay heed to the fact that the others in the team are undeserving of their vote. The consequence is that more and more weak candidates will make their way into parliament. Is that not something of grave concern to the nation?

The Cost of Running Singapore

High ministerial salaries have always been a controversial topic. However, the costs of running Singapore’s parliament, judiciary and cabinet have not been the subject of much public discourse.
 

Following the redrawing of electoral boundaries for this general election, the number of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) in the next Parliament has been increased from 87 to 89. Including the non-elected MPs, namely, three Non-constituency MPs (maximum nine) and nine Nominated MPs (maximum nine), the current total number of parliamentarians adds up to 99. Compare this to the first parliament of Singapore which had 64 MPs who were all elected in single-member constituencies.

The reasons for increasing the number of MPs have not been told and people generally do not question why we need so many MPs in Singapore. But each MP receives a monthly salary which is paid by the tax-payer. In addition, there is a Parliamentary Secretariat that provides support to Parliament together with its support staff.

The Cabinet governs the country and consists of different ministries that are headed by cabinet ministers. The Prime minister heads the cabinet and is assisted by two Deputy prime ministers and supported by some 18 ministers (Click HERE), making a total of 21 ministers. Compare this to our first cabinet in 1960 that consisted of one Prime Minister, one Deputy Prime Minister and seven Ministers, making a total of nine ministers. And in 1985, exactly 25 years after Singapore became independent, there were 13 ministers, with one Senior Minister and two Deputy Ministers (Click HERE).

Each minister is in turn supported by junior ministers, parliamentary secretaries, permanent secretaries, and several layers of ministry officials and the annual budget for each ministry has been increasing. The judiciary has also been expanding and the number of judicial officers and supporting staff has also increased at a rapid rate with new policy directions.

According to Budget 2015, the total estimated government expenditure (including our parliament and judiciary) for FY 2015 is S$ 46,490,503,600 (Click HERE). The growth of our population, global changes and greater efficiency may be the reasons for such a heavy expenditure but considering that the tax-payers are funding it all, the question that begs to be asked is whether or not there is wastage or overspending. Has any study been made to see if we are optimising the use of our resources and if we could scale back some spending?

THEME: Medical - Healthcare Matters

Medicine is a subject that requires the practitioner to have a passion to heal the sick and save lives. Historically, doctors take the Hippocratic oath to uphold their calling and high ethical standards.

Many of our local students aspire to study medicine because of its noble calling but there are very high bars for entry into our local medical schools and medical schools admit students based on their stellar academic results and not so much on their disposition to practice medicine. 

Each year, our intake of medical students is less than 300 and this is hardly enough to meet increasing demands. A great number of our students with the right aptitude for medicine are forced to leave for overseas medical schools, spending huge sums of money to earn their medical degrees. Yet, instead of expanding the local intake, foreigners are recruited to make up the numbers. This scene is repeated in the nursing line which has become heavily reliant on foreign nurses (Click HERE).

There is a need to seriously review our policies and to expand our intake of medical students to allow more of our own students with the right aptitude but less stellar academic results to train and become medical practitioners. From a social perspective, the more doctors and nurses there are, the more our aged and sick will have ready access to medical attention. An increase in the supply of doctors and nurses, and medical practitioners in specialisations that are in growing demand, will go towards lowering overall medical costs and waiting time.

Government polyclinics in Singapore fulfill the primary healthcare role. These are managed by the National Healthcare Group and Singapore Healthcare Services which were formed in 2000 (Click HERE). They provide subsidised outpatient medical care, health screening and pharmacy services. However, the percentage of government polyclinics vis-a-vis private clinics stands at only 20%. This is certainly less than ideal.

Currently, government polyclinics open only from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and are closed on Sundays and Public Holidays. It is perhaps time to look at operating government polyclinics on a 24/7 basis to cater to the needs of an expanding ageing population to help bring down the costs of healthcare. Consultations at polyclinics should be free for all elderly citizens above 65 years old and for those younger, the consultation fee could be fixed as low as possible. Drugs for coughs and colds and other common ailments should be provided free.

Prevention is better than cure and steps should be taken to provide early detection and treatment of diseases. However, breast screenings, pap smears and other health screenings are getting more and more costly and they deter people from going for their yearly check-ups. There can be a national health screening programme which charges a nominal fee for our citizens to encourage them to take care of their own health. Early treatments will also be less costly and increase the chances of full recovery. As it is often said that our people are the only natural resource that we have, it is surely worth the investment to ensure that they are healthy and strong.

The Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS) provides subsidies for citizens from lower- and middle-income households for medical and dental care in participating clinics. Presently, applicants are means-tested by taking their total household income divided by the total number of family members living together. The calculated income must not exceed $1,800. This income ceiling should be raised to reflect the rising costs of living. Further, the criteria for those without income to not possess a home with an annual value of not more than $21,000 should be reviewed along with any increase in annual values.

There are also caps on the subsidies for Blue, Orange and Pioneer Generation CHAS cardholders pertaining to chronic conditions. Whilst the caps ($360 and $540 for simple and complex conditions as defined) are published, it would be useful if the balance of the cap remaining provided to the cardholder after every deduction. These cards are currently valid for one year periods and cardholders must apply for renewal. One suggestion is to provide for automatic renewal to save trouble for these cardholders who are generally old and illiterate. 

Rising medical costs have led to various healthcare policies like the Pioneer Generation Package ("PGP") for elderly folks, whose need for financial assistance to reduce their medical costs was neglected for quite a long time. It is estimated that 450,000 Singaporeans, whom the government identifies as the pioneer generation, will benefit. 

Although this is a rather artificial categorization and has led to unhappiness from those who miss the cut-off age, the PGP package serves to help a group of elderly Singaporeans who are 65 and above w.e.f. 31 December 2014. Since the idea behind this package is to show appreciation for their contributions, the PGP ought to cover all their medical costs of the "pioneers" without requiring any of them to make any balance payment.

Decision to not contest in Potong Pasir SMC

Last night, I was doing my usual walkabout. As I was driving out from the carpark near Block 108 in Potong Pasir after 11 p.m., I saw a Mercedez Benz waiting to park. It has just entered the car park and its headlights were shining in my direction.

As I exited from my parking lot and passed by the Merc to my right, I noticed the lady driver struggling to turn her steering wheel so as to move her car aside to let me pass. As I drove passed the stationary Merc, I saw that the driver was Mrs. Lina Chiam. She was in her party T-shirt and looked rather haggard.

Along the way home, I kept thinking about my encounter with Mrs. Chiam and felt sorry that she was still out at such a late hour. I recall her recent statement about this election being her last election and that she will be retiring with Mr. Chiam. I began to have this feeling of sadness and couldn't sleep after reaching home.

I contacted my team members this morning and shared with them my thoughts and feelings. And I told them my decision. I have decided not to contest. Instead, I will lead my team to show our support for Mrs. Chiam at her rally and hope she succeeds to regain Potong Pasir SMC and continue Mr. Chiam's dedicated service to its residents.

The 3-cornered fight in Potong Pasir SMC that was meant to be will no longer take place. I am sorry to disappoint all those who have encouraged me to offer my candidacy and to serve the residents of Potong Pasir SMC as their Member of Parliament. In my walkabouts over the last 2 months, I have come to know many of you at a personal level and appreciate your warm support. Let me assure you that notwithstanding this decision, I will continue to be at your service. For Potong Pasir SMC will always be my kind of town.